basic training

(неисчисляемое)The standard training regimen for introducing new recruits to a military organization's discipline and basic operational skills.

Near-synonym: boot camp

Next thing I know, they were drafting me and sending me off to Fort Sill for basic training. Talk about whiplash.

Grundausbildung

уче́бный ла́герьučébnyj lágerʹ, курс молодо́го бойца́kurs molodóvo bojcá

the initial period of training for new military personnel; involves intense physical activity and behavioral discipline

(шире, переносно, часто, неисчисляемое)A more or less analogous (albeit nonmartial) experience in the civilian world.

There's no such thing as formal apprenticeship in this industry. The only preparation you get is some basic training where you sink or swim while trying to look alive.