dative absolute

1. In Germanic:

   In Old English

2. In Old English

   It has been continued by Modern English but at some point became the nominative absolute

3. In Germanic:

   In Old High German

4. In Middle Dutch less frequently than the genitive absolute

5. In Old Norse

6. In Gothic

7. An independent phrase in a sentence conveying additional circumstances in the dative case; present:

   In Old Church Slavonic

8. In Old Church Slavonic

   In Old East Slavic and due to Old Church Slavonic influence in Russian as late as the 18th century

9. An independent phrase in a sentence conveying additional circumstances in the dative case; present:

   In Lithuanian and Latvian

regular