Lessons

Grammar, vocabulary, writing, speaking and pronunciation from A1 to C1. Pick a topic or follow a path.

Learning paths

From zeroA1–A2 · 52 lessonsFor schoolA2–B1 · 29 lessonsFor universityB2–C1 · 21 lessonsFor workA2–B2 · 12 lessons

A1 Level A1

  1. The verb be in the presentAm, is and are. How to choose the right form, make it negative, ask a question and give a short answer.
  2. Articles: a, an, theWhen a singular noun needs a or an, when the listener already knows which one and you need the, and when English uses no article at all.
  3. Plural nounsHow to make a noun plural, the spelling rules for -s and -es, the common irregular plurals, and nouns that have no plural at all.
  4. This, that, these, thoseFour words for pointing at things. Which one to use depends on distance and on whether the noun is singular or plural.
  5. Have got and haveTwo ways to talk about what you own, who is in your family and how you feel. Same meaning, different negatives and questions.
  6. Present simpleThe tense for habits, routines, facts and timetables. One form for most subjects, and one extra -s for he, she and it.
  7. Present simple: questions and negativesHow do and does build negatives, yes/no questions and wh-questions in the present simple, and why the main verb loses its -s.
  8. Adverbs of frequencyAlways, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never. What they mean, and the one place in the sentence where they go.
  9. There is and there areThe pattern English uses to say that something exists or is somewhere. Singular takes is, plural takes are, and the place goes at the end.
  10. Can and can'tOne form for every subject, no -s, no to, no do. How can expresses ability, possibility, permission and requests.
  11. Possessives: my, your, 'sThe words that say who something belongs to: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, the pronouns mine and yours, and the ending 's on nouns.
  12. Prepositions of placeHow to say where something is with in, on, at and the more precise words under, next to, behind, in front of, between, opposite, above and below.
  13. Prepositions of time: at, on, inWhen to use at, on and in before times, days, dates, months and longer periods, and when English uses no preposition at all.
  14. ImperativesHow to give instructions, directions, warnings and suggestions with the base form of the verb, don't, please and let's.
  15. Like, love, hate + -ingHow to talk about activities you enjoy or dislike with like, love, hate, enjoy and don't mind followed by the -ing form of a verb.
  16. Past simple of be: was, wereThe two past forms of be, was and were, with negatives, questions, short answers and there was / there were.
  17. Past simple, regular verbsHow to form and use the past simple of regular verbs with -ed, including spelling, pronunciation, negatives with didn't and questions with did.
  18. Past simple, irregular verbsThe most common irregular past forms, grouped by pattern, and how negatives and questions with did work exactly as for regular verbs.
  19. Countable and uncountable nounsWhich English nouns have a plural and take a or an, which do not, and how to count uncountable things with a piece of, a cup of and similar phrases.
  20. Some and anyWhen English uses some, when it uses any, and how the choice depends on whether the sentence is a statement, a negative or a question.
  21. Question words: what, where, when, who, why, howThe English question words, what each one asks about, and the fixed word order that puts an auxiliary verb between the question word and the subject.

A2 Level A2

  1. Present continuousHow to form the present continuous with be and -ing, and when to use it for actions happening now, temporary situations and fixed plans.
  2. Present simple or present continuousChoosing between the present simple and the present continuous, with habits and facts on one side and actions in progress and temporary situations on the other.
  3. Past continuousHow to form the past continuous with was and were, and how to use it for an action in progress at a moment in the past, often interrupted by a shorter one.
  4. Going toHow to use be going to for plans and intentions you decided on earlier, and for predictions based on what you can see now.
  5. Will for the futureHow to use will for predictions, promises, offers and decisions made while you speak, and how it differs from going to.
  6. ComparativesHow to form comparative adjectives with -er and more, how to use than, and how to say that two things are or are not the same.
  7. SuperlativesHow to form superlative adjectives with -est and most, why they take the, and how to say where or among whom something is the best.
  8. Must and have toHow to use must and have to for obligation, why must not and do not have to mean opposite things, and how have to changes with tense.
  9. ShouldHow to use should for advice, opinions and mild obligation, and how it differs in strength from must and have to.
  10. Present perfect: introductionHow to form the present perfect with have and the past participle, and how to use it for experience, recent news and situations that continue up to now.
  11. Present perfect or past simpleHow to choose between I have done and I did. The choice depends on the time, not on the action.
  12. Ever, never, just, already, yetFive small words that go with the present perfect. Where they stand in the sentence and what each one adds.
  13. Much, many, a lot ofHow to say a large amount of something. Much for uncountable nouns, many for plural nouns, a lot of for both.
  14. Too and enoughToo says there is more than is good. Enough says there is as much as you need. Where each word goes and what follows it.
  15. Adverbs of mannerHow to say the way something is done: quietly, carefully, well. How to build the adverb from the adjective and where to put it.
  16. Phrasal verbs: introductionVerbs made of two words, like wake up or turn off. How they work, where the object goes, and why the particle cannot be dropped.
  17. Verb + -ing or verb + toAfter some verbs the next verb takes -ing, after others it takes to. The first verb decides, and the list has to be learned.
  18. First conditionalIf it rains, we will stay at home. How to talk about a real possibility in the future and its result.
  19. Zero conditionalIf you heat ice, it melts. Present simple in both halves for facts, habits and rules that are always true.
  20. Relative clauses: who, which, thatHow to add information about a person or thing inside the same sentence: the woman who lives next door, the book which I lost.

B1 Level B1

  1. Present perfect continuousHow to talk about an activity that started in the past and is still going on, or has only just stopped, using have been and the -ing form.
  2. Past perfectHow to show that one past action happened before another past action, using had and the past participle.
  3. Used to and would for past habitsHow to talk about habits and situations that were true in the past but are not true now, with used to and would.
  4. Future continuousHow to describe an action that will be in progress at a particular moment in the future, using will be and the -ing form.
  5. Second conditionalHow to talk about imaginary or unlikely situations in the present and future, using if with a past form and would.
  6. Passive voice: introductionHow to put the action before the doer with be and the past participle, in the present simple and past simple.
  7. Reported speech: introductionHow to report what someone said without quoting them, with say, tell and ask, and how the tense moves back one step.
  8. Modals of deduction: must, might, can'tHow to say how sure you are about something, from certain to impossible, with must, may, might, could and can't.
  9. Question tagsHow to add a short question such as isn't it or did you to the end of a statement, and what a rising or falling voice tells the listener.
  10. Gerunds and infinitivesWhen a verb is followed by the -ing form, when by to plus the base form, and the small group of verbs whose meaning changes with the choice.
  11. Articles: the harder casesCases where a, the or no article is fixed by convention rather than by first or second mention, such as jobs, places, meals, countries and general statements.
  12. So, such, too, enoughHow so and such strengthen a description, how too and enough judge an amount against a limit, and where each word sits in the sentence.
  13. Although, despite, howeverHow to express contrast with although, even though, despite, in spite of, however and though, and what kind of words each of them can be followed by.
  14. Verbs with prepositionsVerbs that always take a particular preposition, such as depend on and listen to, and verbs that take none although their Ukrainian or Russian equivalents do.
  15. Defining and non-defining relative clausesThe difference between a relative clause that identifies a noun and one that adds extra information, why the commas matter, and which pronouns each type allows.

B2 Level B2

  1. Third conditional and mixed conditionalsHow to talk about a past that did not happen, and how to connect an unreal past with a present result.
  2. Wish and if onlyHow to say that you would like the present, the past or someone's behaviour to be different, using wish and if only.
  3. Passive voice: advanced usesPassive forms with two objects, reporting verbs, modals, infinitives and -ing forms, plus the informal get-passive.
  4. Reported speech: advancedReporting verbs and their patterns, reported questions, modal verbs in reports, and when the tense does not change.
  5. Inversion: introductionPutting the auxiliary before the subject after negative and limiting adverbs, after so and neither, and in formal conditionals.
  6. Causative: have and get something doneSaying that you arrange for someone else to do something, and that something happened to you, with have and get.
  7. Participle clausesShortening sentences with -ing and -ed clauses to show reason, time, result or description, and keeping the subject clear.
  8. Future perfectSaying that something will be complete before a point in the future, with will have and the past participle.
  9. Narrative tensesCombining the past simple, past continuous, past perfect and past perfect continuous to tell a story in the right order.
  10. Linking words in formal writingConnecting ideas in essays and reports with however, therefore, moreover, whereas, despite and similar words, with the right punctuation.

C1 Level C1

  1. Inversion: advanced patternsNegative and restrictive adverbials, only-phrases, conditionals without if, and so/such fronting that put the auxiliary before the subject in formal English.
  2. Cleft sentencesIt-clefts, what-clefts and their relatives split one statement into two parts so that the important piece carries the emphasis.
  3. Ellipsis and substitutionLeaving words out after an auxiliary or to, and replacing clauses and nouns with so, not, one, do and neither, so that English sounds natural, not translated.
  4. The subjunctive and formal structuresThe base-form subjunctive after suggest, insist and it is essential, the were-subjunctive, and fixed formal patterns such as lest and be that as it may.
  5. Hedging and registerHow to soften a claim with modals, seem, tend and perhaps, and how to choose formal, neutral or informal wording to fit the reader.
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