there

Used as an expletive subject of be in its sense of “exist”, with the semantic, usually indefinite subject being postponed or (occasionally) implied.

There are two apples on the table. [=Two apples are on the table.]

There is no way to do it. [=No way to do it exists.]

es

Used with other intransitive verbs of existence, in the same sense, or with other intransitive verbs, adding a sense of existence.

If x is a positive number, then there exists [=there is] a positive number y less than x.

There remain several problems with this approach. [=Several problems remain with this approach.]

Used with other verbs, when raised.

There seems to be some difficulty with the papers. [=It seems that there is some difficulty with the papers.]

I expected there to be a simpler solution. [=I expected that there would be a simpler solution.]

(идиома, в составных словах)That.

therefor, thereat, thereunder

(разговорное)Appended to words of greeting etc.

Hi there, young fellow.

Oh, hello there, Bob, how are you doing?