be

1. As an auxiliary verb:

   (auxiliary)Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice.

   The dog was saved by the boy.

   to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted — used only in infinitive form

2. Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect.

   The woman is walking.

   I shall be writing to you soon.

3. Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence.

   I am to leave tomorrow.

   They are to stay here until I return.

4. Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect.

   He is finished.

   He is gone.

5. (Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary)To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect.

   1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor Women be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!

6. As a copulative verb:

   (with dummy subject)To exist.

   There is just one woman in town who can help us.

   (or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.

7. Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent.

   Hi, I’m Jim.

   3 times 5 is fifteen.

   sein

   бытьbytʹ, явля́тьсяjavljátʹsja

   бу́тиbúty

   be identical or equivalent to

8. Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject.

   Rex is a dog.

   A dog is an animal.

   have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)

9. Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective or prepositional phrase.

   The sky is blue.

10. Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase.

    The sky is a deep blue today.

    sein

    бытьbytʹ

    бу́тиbúty

11. Used to link a subject to a measurement.

    This building is three hundred years old.

    I am 75 kilograms.

    sein

12. Used to state the age of a subject in years.

    I’m 20 (years old).

    sein

1. This is never going to end.

   Це ніколи не скінчиться.

   ruЭто никогда не закончится.

   deDas wird nie enden.

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2. Italy is a very beautiful country.

   Італія - дуже гарна країна.

   ruИталия — очень красивая страна.

   deItalien ist ein sehr schönes Land.

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3. I was trying to kill time.

   Я намагався вбити час.

   ruЯ пытался скоротать время.

   deIch versuchte, die Zeit totzuschlagen.

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4. She was wearing a black hat.

   Вона була в чорному капелюсі.

   ruОна была в чёрной шляпе.

   deSie trug einen schwarzen Hut.

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5. I want to be more independent.

   Я хочу бути більш незалежним.

   ruЯ хочу быть более независимым.

   deIch will unabhängiger sein.

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irregular

• be withспати зTo have sex with.
• be onTo be ranked at (something), based on polling.
• be intoTo enjoy and/or like something in a sexual way or as a fetish.
• be aroundTo be alive, existent, or present.
• be alongTo arrive.
• be aboutTo have (something) as a primary focus.
• be toEspecially, to be expected to (do something).